Localization Error-Resilient Geographic Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper concerns the demonstration of the resilience to localization errors of ALBA-R, a protocol for geographic routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In particular, we show that thanks to a simple yet effective nodal coloring mechanism for handling nodal connectivity holes, ALBA-R achieves the further desirable benefit of being totally resilient to localization errors, which are unavoidable in WSNs. Via ns2-based simulations we show that independently of fundamental network parameters such as network density, and also independently of errors in nodal coordinate estimations as high as the node transmission radius, ALBA-R is successful in delivering all generated packets while incurring reasonable degradation for metrics such as route-length and end-to-end latency and still remaining and energy efficient protocol.