A new passive source localization method using AOA-GROA-TDOA in wireless sensor array networks and its Cramér-Rao bound analysis

In this paper, a new Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived for passive source localization based on angles-of-arrival (AOAs), gain ratios of arrival (GROAs) and time differences of arrival (TDOAs) in a wireless sensor array network. The derived CRLB using AOA-GROA-TDOA (AGT) is reduced to the one using AOA-GROA if no coherence exists across the arrays and lower than the CRLB using AOA-only. When the coherence is considered, the CRLB using AGT measurements is consistently lower than the other known bounds using AOA-only, TDOA-only and AOA-TDOA.