Non-linear filtering for broadcast television: a real-time FPGA implementation

Linear filter theory based on Wiener filtering is well understood and used widely in many fields of image and signal processing. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of a series of nonlinear filters is developed based on the concepts of Volterra series and these are applied to image interpolation problems. More explicitly, the aim is to interpolate one field of a frame of a television picture in real time to form an estimate of the second field. This is known as de-interlacing and is useful in many areas of video processing, for example standards conversion