A Dynamic Model for Electrical Vehicles Interacting with Microgrids and Renewables

Electrical vehicles and renewable energy sources may decrease the dependence on fossil fuels. However, they need controllers to integrate intermittent renewables in the smart grid and to achieve an optimal solution that minimize costs, satisfy demands and electrical constraints. In this paper, a model that integrates electrical vehicles management and distributed energy production and storage systems is presented. The dynamic decision model, which embeds the time-varying state of charge of storage systems and electrical vehicles, is formalized and applied to the Savona District.