Monitoring of synchronous generators transients on manifolds of equilibria

In this paper a detailed model of a synchronous machine with a special orthogonal structure is discussed. The model is expanded by the effect of magnetic saturation with respect to analytical frame given by the unsaturated orthogonal model. The necessity of including cross-magnetization effects is reviewed. From the complete model of a saturated synchronous machine, which has also an orthogonal structure, analytical expressions can be derived easily to make a statement about all possible equilibrium points. The effect of magnetic saturation on the equilibrium points with respect to particular parameters is discussed with an extended model. For small currents this extended model with saturation converges steadily towards the model without saturation. The theory of the behavior of dynamical systems "near" manifolds of equilibria is used for monitoring of internal states of synchronous generators.