Compensation, stability and losses in the presence of wheeling transactions with use of FACTS devices

Integration of FACTS devices and wheeling transactions into SCADA systems is investigated. The SVC, TCPS and UPFC are explained and modelled. Devices, policies and accounting methods are incorporated into PF and OPF algorithms. In two case studies, the accounting methods are analysed and compared for a wheeling contract across a transmission line. With the aid of FACTS devices the power flow can also be forced along the physical contract path in networks, thereby shielding other network participants. A case study on the 39 bus IEEE New England power system shows that FACTS devices can be used for an electronic fence during wheeling transactions. Accounting methods are shown. The stability and operating cost of the grid are investigated. It is found that TCPSs and UPFCs introduce nonconvexities, causing OPF difficulties.