Modelling of hysteresis effects with nonlinear oscillators

An important model in analyzing the dynamical behavior of power systems is that of a transformer. Step-up transformers for example, connected between the generator and a transmission line, permit a practical design voltage for the generator and at the same time an efficient transmission line voltage. For real-world transformers under normal operating conditions the effect of magnetization of the core is an important factor, and much ingenuity has been used in devising methods of taking it into account. Most of these methods do not, however, introduce the nonlinear property into the basic theory. They are directed mainly to the determination of appropriate values of constants to suit the particular problem, the constants being defined in relation to a linear theory.