Submersible GPR method for river and lake studies

This article explains the new method for subsurface GPR probing called Hydro Penetrating Radar. The method of Hydro Penetrating Radar (HPR) is based on experimentally determined offset within the frequency spectra of probing signals generated by antennas placed in an aqueous area. Experimental results for offset limits of probing spectra signals of frequencies generated by antennas placed in an aqueous environment are presented here. Offset limits of frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radar during probing from aqueous area of varying conductivity are determined, in particular for the most typical electrical conductivity of rivers in Russia and adjoining countries, including rivers and lakes in Yakutia. The methodology of HPR survey of water features is presented. The possibility of increasing of the depth of sediment by experimental antennas setting up for using water surface as a natural dielectric reflector is shown. Established criteria recommended for use in interpreting of HPR results and bottom sediments of fresh waters reservoirs, amplitude-frequency spectral criteria, phase-frequency spectral criteria and criteria of isobathic amplitudes ratio, are explained. This article was prepared based on the results of many years of research conducted by the authors at the Chersky Mining Institute of the North SB RAS, Yakutsk.