Application of Complex Adaptive Systems Theory to Ica Wine and Grape Cluster

The enterprises agglomerations are becoming an interesting study topic, so several authors are sure that the interactions and geographic proximity have a strong impact in the competition and innovation of the enterprises of the clusters (T. Altenburg and J. Meyer-Stamer), (P. Krugman, 1999), (M. Porter, 2004). So it is also possible to talk about "learning clusters", knowledge accumulated, and knowledge constructed in a collective form. For the study of these shapes of post-fordists production organizations and for the many variables that they present new frameworks are necessary, one of them is the complex adaptive systems theory. The model of the complex adaptive systems permits to evaluate multiple interactions between different agents and the impact of the agent\´s action in the system. This focus permits to find news and unexpected models from the interactions between the parts ofthe open systems. The present paper has the aim of studying: the dynamic interaction, the knowledge transfer, the learning, and the evolution of the Ica wine cluster in Peru with that model. In this context, the research questions are: what is the dynamic of the interactions between enterprises of the cluster?, how is the knowledge transferred?, how does the cluster learn?, and how is the technological evolution of this cluster? The methodology is the elaboration of a theoretical model that integrates the concepts of characteristics of the clusters and complex adaptive systems, then accordingly this theoretical model is elaborated a questionnaire, after that the questionnaire is applied to a wine and grape cluster, finally the main conclusions and recommendations are obtained. The results of the research will be an important document for the actions, strategic decisions and improvement of the interactions between cluster agents.