Localized max-min remaining energy routing for WSN using delay control

We present the use of an appropriate metric-mapping function to turn a pre-existing min-delay routing algorithm into max-min routing. Some candidates for such a mapping function are presented, and their performances are discussed. We then apply this idea to make directed diffusion sensitive to the level of energy remaining in the forwarding nodes. The resulting algorithm, localized max-min remaining energy routing (LMMER), is then implemented in a network simulation, and we show that it significantly prolongs the life of energy-critical nodes.