Security services provided by the IEEE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments standards: Limitations and implications for intelligent cooperative driving and autonomous connected vehicles

The Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) suite of standards has been developed to support a wide range of safety-related applications. Security and privacy concerns have significant implications for these applications. The standards and recent related research provide various mechanisms to address privacy concerns, as well as threats to integrity and confidentiality. However, the underlying approaches in the WAVE standards limit the ability to mitigate attacks on the availability of the network. Consequently, these applications must be capable of not only detecting attacks, but also of responding to attacks by switching to a degraded mode that can safely operate without reliance on data provided via WAVE messages.