F5: Frequency generation and clock distribution

This Forum explores the primary challenges in the generation and distribution of frequency-reference signals in modern integrated circuits (analog and digital). Based on a bottom-up approach, the Forum begins with an overview of the building blocks used for frequency generation and distribution. It continues by discussing particular challenges presented by the design of frequency synthesizers and their interaction with the rest of the system. The first three talks provide insights into the design of frequency generators: harmonic oscillators, ring oscillators, and MEMS topologies. The fourth presentation deals with various single-and dual-modulus divider topologies necessary for wireless or wireline applications. Then, frequency synthesizers for millimeter-wave wireless communications and PLLs for wireline applications are presented. The last two talks give an overview of the main challenges in clock distribution for both microprocessors and RF analog transceivers. The Forum concludes with a brief panel discussion, providing an opportunity for participants to give feedback and ask questions.