Supplementary algorithms for DC convergence [circuit analysis]

Summary form only given, as follows. The successful simulation of an electronic circuit relies on convergence on a solution using an iterative process. It is necessary to achieve a DC operating point solution prior to other analyses. The paper reviews some techniques that have been found to aid this process. Specifically, five algorithms, including a pseudo transient technique, are described that assist in convergence to a DC operating point solution. The application of these algorithms to an example is described. Some difficulties can also arise with a transient analysis, producing the error `internal timestep too small´. Solutions are proposed that have been shown from actual experience to be helpful and advice is given in interpreting messages from the simulator with the specific purpose of attaining a successful simulation