Body surface Laplacian mapping during epicardial and endocardial pacing: a model study

The goal of this study was to examine the performance of body surface Laplacian maps (BSLMs) in localizing and imaging multiple simultaneously active myocardial electrical events. A 3D heart-torso model was used in the present simulation. A two-site pacing protocol was used to evaluate the performance of BSLMs. The BSLMs were constructed and normalized over the anterior, lateral, as well as the posterior area of the chest, and evaluated to assess whether the two paced activities could be separated and imaged on the body surface. The present computer simulation results show that the BSLM can substantially enhance our capability of imaging and localizing multiple simultaneously active myocardial electrical events over the anterior, lateral and posterior walls of the ventricles. This enhanced capability of the BSLM may lead to important applications in clinical diagnosis of various cardiac diseases.