Survey of techniques for achieving topological diversity

Twisting of Radio waves is a hot topic that is being worked upon which utilizes the many OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum) states to transmit data at the same frequency. Twisting of antennas is done to transmit the various orthogonal OAM states that can be used as basis functions in N-dimensional signaling. The utilization of various orthogonal states is termed as “Topological” diversity. The technique has been experimentally implemented and demonstrated and the idea of OAM is already well understood and used in the optical domain. In this paper, we present the techniques used to achieve topological diversity and its prospects in future Wireless Communications.