DC link control for multiple energy sources in electric vehicles

In this paper, a detailed description of a control architecture for managing the DC link control of EVs with multiple energy sources is presented. The proposed topology allows the control of the power flow among supercapacitors and batteries, while ensuring the regulation of the DC link voltage, thanks to a cascade of voltage and current linear controllers. A simple analytical study is provided to illustrate the tuning guidelines for the current and voltage, based on proportional + integral controllers. A prototype system has been designed and built in reduced scale hardware to analyze the performance of the proposed control system. The experimental results are in accordance with the simulations and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed control technique.