Pattern recognition, image processing, related data analysis and expert systems integrated in medical microscopy

The reasons why microscope imaging deserves attention are discussed. The major trends in medical end-user applications, are presented with particular emphasis on the integration of image processing and analysis, on-line statistical data analysis, and decision-making based on artificial intelligence at the highest level. It is emphasized that sophisticated image processing will not penetrate routine laboratory procedures until and unless the systems are oriented to the way the pathologists think and work. It is argued that assisting the human expert to improve his or her diagnostic reliability requires three basic components: powerful numerical image analysis; cognitive modules involving knowledge bases at both the image-analysis and decision-making levels; and man-to-computer interfacing compatible with the microscopists´ behavior