Grid-based routing protocol using cell rotation to reduce packets latency and energy consumption in wireless sensor networks

We propose a grid-based routing protocol which divides the network area for large side length of square cells by using cell rotation to reduce the number of relay nodes between the source node and the mobile sink. The proposed scheme divides each cell into multiple sub-cells, and assumes one or two sub-cells to be active-cells. Then, the proposed scheme confines the existing area of active nodes to each active-cell. Because the maximum transmission range is a fixed value, the side length of square cells can be enlarged by confining the area where the active node exist in each cell. Therefore, the proposed scheme decreases the number of relay nodes between the source node and the mobile sink due to the large cells divided, and reduces the data packets delivery latency and the energy consumption. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the packets latency and the energy consumption efficiency.