High-level power estimation

The growing demand for portable electronic devices has led to an increased emphasis on power consumption within the semiconductor industry. As a result, designers are now encouraged to consider the impact of their decisions not only on speed and area, but also on power throughout the entire design process. In order to evaluate how well a particular design variant meets power constraints, engineers often rely on CAD tools for power estimation. While tools have long existed for analyzing power consumption at the lower level of abstraction-e.g. SPICE and PowerMill-only recently have efforts been directed towards developing a high-level power estimation capability. This paper surveys the state of the art in high-level power estimation, addressing techniques that operate at the architecture, behavior, instruction, and system levels of abstraction