Experimental study of magnetic and electric loop antennas for mobile units

Magnetic and electric loop antennas were examined under a small or a large ground plane. For each ground plane setting, the loops were placed in five environments created by the presence of human body parts. They were free space, head only, hand only, head and hand, and simulated head. The results showed that the antenna was sensitive to the size of the ground plane. It also showed that the antenna patterns were severely distorted by the presence of a person except in the hand only cases. The change of the antenna pattern was far more dramatic when a real human head was placed near the antenna instead of the simulated head