Pro-forma worked examples on uncertainty in electrical measurement

Most measurements made in the electrical field will be subject to errors of some kind, however small. A measured value should therefore be stated with a corresponding measurement uncertainty to define the probable limits of variation in the result. This paper is aimed at describing the logic and use of pro-forma methods for the calculation of formal uncertainty budgets for the more common instrument based measurement facilities, such as calibrators and DMMs, albeit the technique may be applied to most measurement situations