Title :
Received signal strength models for WLAN and BLE-based indoor positioning in multi-floor buildings
Author :
Lohan, Elena Simona ; Talvitie, Jukka ; Figueiredo e Silva, Pedro ; Nurminen, Henri ; Ali-Loytty, Simo ; Piche, Robert
Author_Institution :
Tampere Univ. of Technol., Tampere, Finland
Abstract :
This paper investigates the similarities and differences of the signal strength fluctuations and positioning accuracy in indoor scenarios for three types of wireless area networks: two Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency, respectively, and one Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), namely the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Two path-loss models based on weighted centroids and non-negative least squares estimation are presented: one including a floor loss factor, and the other one ignoring the floor losses, and the three signal types are compared in terms of the path-loss parameters, channel fluctuations and positioning accuracy, namely the distance errors and floor detection probabilities. The comparison is done based on real-field measurement data collected from a university building in Tampere, Finland. It is shown that all these three signal types have similar shadowing variances and close path-loss parameter values, and that a path-loss model considering floor losses gives the best floor detection probability, but not necessarily the smallest distance error.
Keywords :
RSSI; indoor navigation; least squares approximations; personal area networks; wireless LAN; BLE-based indoor positioning; Bluetooth low energy; WLAN-based indoor positioning; WPAN; floor detection probability; multi-floor buildings; non-negative least squares estimation; positioning accuracy; received signal strength models; signal strength fluctuations; weighted centroids; wireless area networks; wireless personal area network; Estimation; Fingerprint recognition; Floors; Shadow mapping; Transmitters; Wireless LAN; Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE); Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN); Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN); path-loss channel models; shadowing; signal strength;
Conference_Titel :
Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS), 2015 International Conference on
Conference_Location :
Gothenburg
DOI :
10.1109/ICL-GNSS.2015.7217154