Title :
Energy storage and Gramians of ladder filter realisations
Author :
Harrison, Jeflrey ; Weste, Neil
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electron., Macquarie Univ., Marsfield, Australia
Abstract :
An invariant of the controllability Gramian K and observability Gramian W, namely tr(KW), is expressed as an integral over frequency of the transfer function group delay weighted by power gain. This formula has strong connections with the old theory linking energy storage, sensitivity and group delay in LC networks. The Gramians of a doubly-terminated LC ladder filter realisation are discussed using this energy storage interpretation
Keywords :
controllability; ladder filters; lumped parameter networks; observability; passive filters; sensitivity analysis; transfer functions; Gramians; controllability; doubly-terminated LC ladder filter; energy storage; ladder filter realisations; observability; power gain; transfer function group delay; Active filters; Controllability; Delay; Digital filters; Dynamic range; Energy storage; Filtering theory; Frequency; Joining processes; Transfer functions;
Conference_Titel :
Circuits and Systems, 2001. ISCAS 2001. The 2001 IEEE International Symposium on
Conference_Location :
Sydney, NSW
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-6685-9
DOI :
10.1109/ISCAS.2001.921780
