Neural computations in the vertebrate retina and an analysis of GABA action from horizontal cells

A neural network architecture, based on the neural anatomy and function of retinal neurons in tiger salamander and mudpuppy retinae, is proposed to study some basic aspects of early visual information processing. All the main types of retinal neurons are modeled, and their response characteristics are studied. The model predictions on the main characteristics of retinal neurons are in agreement with the neurophysiological data, including the antagonistic role of horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer, and the sustained and transient responses of amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer. The examination of possible γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) action from horizontal cells suggests that GABA_A alone, GABA_B alone, or their weighted combination can generate the response characteristics observed in bipolar cells