An Efficient Three-Dimensional Localization Scheme Using Trilateration in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this letter, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) localization algorithm based on a simple range-based localization approach. The proposed scheme requires distance measurements associated with only three anchor nodes for a 3D location estimation using linear least squares estimation (LLSE). It uses Heron´s formula of tetrahedron to calculate the target height and then transforms a two-dimensional location computed by LLSE into a 3D estimated location. Simulation results validate the accuracy of the proposed scheme.