Single-pin, single-layer, dual-band patch antenna for global positioning system and satellite digital audio radio system automotive applications

A low-cost, reduced-size, single-feed, single-layer microstrip patch antenna is presented that receives right-hand circularly polarised satellite signals for the global positioning system´s L1-Band (1575.42 MHz) and left-hand circularly polarised satellite signals and vertically linearly polarised terrestrial signals for the satellite digital audio radio system band (2320-2345 MHz). The proposed antenna is constructed of a main central patch and a ring surrounding it, both with truncated corners to achieve the desired circular polarisation characteristics. The two patches are connected to each other using four long and thin microstrip transmission lines. The design, simulation and measured results are presented. The effects of varying key antenna physical parameters were carefully examined and discussed in detail to characterise their effects on operational bandwidth.