Three-dimensional finite element analysis of large electrical machine stator core faults

Faults in the stator cores of large electrical machines can both damage local winding insulation and propagate to catastrophic failure. This study develops three-dimensional finite element models of inter-laminar insulation faults in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the electromagnetic behaviour of core faults and the sensitivity of sensing systems. The problem of developing a model that adequately reflects the laminar constraints of the structure, while remaining computable is addressed, together with eliminating images from boundaries. The model was validated by experimental measurement and results shown to be closely matched, with the fault current distribution also predicted. The sensitivity profiles for various fault positions and lengths were determined, which enables condition-monitoring sensors to be more specific about the location and true threat that a fault signal may pose to the machine.