Title :
Microwave-Based Noninvasive Concentration Measurements for Biomedical Applications
Author :
Hofmann, Martin ; Fischer, Georg ; Weigel, Robert ; Kissinger, Dietmar
Author_Institution :
Inst. for Electron. Eng., Univ. of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
Abstract :
A Debye relaxation model for the permittivity of aqueous glucose solution is given up to 40 GHz. Measurements of aqueous solutions are compared with invasive measurements on over 40 blood samples. Reflection- and transmission-based techniques are explained, concerning the application in biomedical concentration measurements. Wideband measurements on different sensing structures are introduced. Reflection- and transmission-based sensors are applied to a six-port reflectometer, as well as a homodyne vector network analyzer.
Keywords :
biomedical equipment; biomedical measurement; blood; chemical variables measurement; microwave measurement; network analysers; permittivity; reflectometers; sugar; Debye relaxation model; aqueous glucose solution permittivity; aqueous solution measurement; biomedical applications; biomedical concentration measurements; blood sample; frequency 40 GHz; homodyne vector network analyzer; microwave-based noninvasive concentration measurements; reflection-based sensors; reflection-based techniques; sensing structures; six-port reflectometer; transmission-based sensors; transmission-based techniques; wideband measurements; Biomedical measurement; Blood; Microwave measurements; Permittivity; Permittivity measurement; Probes; Sugar; Blood sugar; dielectric measurements; glucose; network analyzer; noninvasive; reflectometer;
Journal_Title :
Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TMTT.2013.2250516
