Cloud Paradigms and Practices for Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering

Clouds are rapidly joining high-performance computing (HPC) systems, clusters, and grids as viable platforms for scientific exploration and discovery. As a result, understanding application formulations and usage modes that are meaningful in such a hybrid infrastructure, and how application workflows can effectively utilize it, is critical. Here, three hybrid HPC/grid and cloud cyber infrastructure usage modes are explored: HPC in the Cloud, HPC plus Cloud, and HPC as a Service, presenting illustrative scenarios in each case and outlining benefits, limitations, and research challenges.