Hierarchical energy management scheme for multiple battery-based smart grids

In this paper, a supervisory energy management strategy is presented for multiple battery units. The use of several energy storage devices such as batteries makes their maintenance costly and management a difficult task to undertake. The proposed supervisory approach aims to equilibrate the state of charge (SOC) and hence energy usage, which extends the life of batteries and reduces their heavy maintenance. The energy management strategy yields a high efficient operation of the overall system.