Effect of ITO-free Ni/Ag/Ni electrode on flexible blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

In this work, we proposed that indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-free, which is the most generally used to a transparent electrode for light applications and displays, semitransparent Ni/Ag/Ni electrode could be applied in flexible blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although the highest electrical characteristics values, such as luminance efficiency and external quantum efficiency, using ITO electrode were better than that of devices using Ni/Ag/Ni electrodes, roll-off efficiency and device stability were suitable for blue OLEDs. Therefore, this study could be suggested to additional flexible OLEDs and light applications for ITO-free process.