Energy analysis of a contention tree-based access protocol for machine-to-machine networks with idle-to-saturation traffic transitions

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) area networks must provide connectivity between an M2M gateway and a large number of energy-constrained M2M devices. Attaining high energy efficiency is essential in order to prolong devices lifetime. In this paper, we consider a wireless M2M area network composed of hundreds or even thousands of dormant devices that wake up periodically to transmit data upon request from a gateway. We theoretically analyze the energy efficiency of a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol that uses a tree-splitting algorithm to resolve the collisions among devices: the Distributed Queuing (DQ) access. Computer-based simulations have been carried out to validate the accuracy of the analytical model and to evaluate and compare the energy consumption of devices using also a basic Contention Tree Algorithm (CTA) and Frame Slotted-ALOHA (FSA). Results show that DQ can reduce energy consumption in more than 35% with respect to CTA and in more than 80% with respect to FSA in dense M2M area networks with devices in compliance with the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer.