Device-to-device communication in cellular networks with fractional frequency reuse

As a promising technology, Device-to-device (D2D) communication as an underlay to cellular mobile networks is proposed to improve the spectral and energy efficiency. In OFDMA cellular networks, fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is an efficient frequency reuse scheme. This paper focuses on analysing the performance of D2D communications as an underlay to the FFR based OFDMA cellular network and analytically evaluates how spectral efficiency performance is affected by parameters, such as the ratio of the transmit power for the D2D transmission to that for the cellular transmission and radius ratio of the central area to the whole cell. Also, the optimal radius ratio to achieve the highest spectral efficiency is investigated for the D2D communication underlaying to the OFDMA cellular network.