Reduced-Scale Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation to Study Several Hybridization Rates of Electric Vehicles

This paper presents different levels of hardware-in- the-loop simulations to test and validate new hybridized applications to electric vehicles. Signal, reduced-scale power and mechanical levels are presented and analyzed, through an implementation based upon a National Instruments real-time controller. The real-time controller interacts with dedicated hardware equipment, enabling the reproduction of normalized driving cycles and also controlling the storage elements and the common DC-Link. In order to structure this approach, energetic macroscopic representation is used to organize the global model in a unified way. Experiments using several driving cycles are carried-out to show that the proposed hardware-in- the-loop simulation system is effective and allows a simple configuration for design and implementation of an improved energy management strategy.