Antenna beam forming using holographic artificial impedance surface

The properties of the High Impedance Surfaces are used to design a ground plane for an antenna source to obtain a desired radiation pattern. Surface impedance modulation and microwave holography techniques are used to vary the surface impedance of the ground plane in a systematic pattern to achieve the desired radiation pattern for the antenna system. The ground planes are designed separately for the first two lower order modes. The performance of the ground planes thus designed for both the modes are then compared in terms of their capability to achieve the desired radiation pattern.