`End-to-end transient simulation for protection system performance testing´

Formatted according to the new IEEE Standard C37.111, 1992 (COMTRADE), digital information describing power system disturbances controls a test system which produces transient simulation signals for analyzing protective relay performance. Global positioning system (GPS) satellite timing signals are used to synchronize two remotely located test systems for performing transient end-to-end simulation tests. DFR records of actual events and Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) simulations of multiple fault events, played back through satellite-synchronized end-to-end test systems have proven comprehensive analytical tools-virtually eliminating the need for costly and dangerous staged fault tests generally performed at a limited number of locations