Locational effects of Electric Vehicles on prices

To increase the penetration of renewable energy into grid there has been an increase in interest to explore energy storage technologies and their participation in energy market through demand response. With Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology, earlier studies have shown that it is more profitable for Electric Vehicles (EV) to participate in regulation market. In this paper, we take a step forward to study the locational impacts that EV might have, on energy, regulation and reserve prices. We model an energy market motivated by Midwest ISO, including post regulation and post reserve transmission constraint to show locational dependent effects of EV on prices.