Engineering energy dispersion in photonic crystal waveguides: band gaps and optical trirefringence

Summary form only given. The modification of photon energy dispersion by modulating the index of refraction on optical wavelength scales has led to artificial materials-photonic crystals (PC)-with unusual optical properties. The periodicity and amplitude of the index modulation are the key parameters to engineer energy dispersion and hence mode and polarization propagation in such devices. We fabricated PC structures in SiN planar waveguides with triangular lattices producing full PBGs in the visible spectrum for both TE and TM electromagnetic modes.