Title :
Naturally occurring radioactive materials and medical isotopes at border crossings
Author :
Kouzes, R.T. ; Ely, J.H. ; Geelhood, B.D. ; Hansen, R.R. ; Lepel, E.A. ; Schweppe, J.E. ; Siciliano, E.R. ; Stron-, D.J. ; Warner, R.A.
Author_Institution :
PNNL, Richland, WA, USA
Abstract :
Countries around the world are deploying radiation detection instrumentation to interdict the illegal shipment of radioactive material crossing international borders. Some cargo contains naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) or technologically enhanced NORM (TENORM) that triggers alarms at border crossings. This paper discusses experience with radiation portal monitors for the interdiction of radioactive materials and the issues raised by NORM. The results of observations and computations related to NORM characteristics are discussed.
Keywords :
natural radioactivity hazards; radiation monitoring; radioisotopes; border crossings; medical isotopes; naturally occurring radioactive materials; radiation detection instrumentation; radiation portal monitors; Building materials; Instruments; Isotopes; Laboratories; Neutrons; Portals; Radiation detectors; Radioactive materials; Telephony; US Government;
Conference_Titel :
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2003 IEEE
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-8257-9
DOI :
10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1351967
