MR-LEACH: Multi-hop Routing with Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy

In this paper, we present a Multi-hop Routing with Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (MR-LEACH) protocol. In order to prolong the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), MR-LEACH partitions the network into different layers of clusters. Cluster heads in each layer collaborates with the adjacent layers to transmit sensor´s data to the base station. Ordinary sensor nodes join cluster heads based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). The transmission of nodes is controlled by a Base Station (BS) that defines the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) schedule for each cluster-head. BS selects the upper layers cluster heads to act as super cluster heads for lower layer cluster heads. Thus, MR-LEACH follows multi-hop routing from cluster-heads to a base station to conserve energy, unlike the LEACH protocol. Performance evaluation has shown that MR-LEACH achieves significant improvement in the LEACH protocol and provides energy efficient routing for WSN.