Electric conductivity of stationary and flowing human blood at low frequencies

The conductivity of stationary and flowing blood was measured at different hematocrit values (H). For stationary blood with erythrocytes in random orientation, the conductivity in S/m is estimated to be 1.57/[1+CH/(1-H)], with C=1.91. Variations in orientation cause C to vary between 1.18 and 3.35. The relative percent change conductivity for laminar flow in a circular tube with constant flow rate is also given. The estimate of the conductivity with parallel orientation for stationary blood and flowing blood are shown to be in good agreement