Aggregate modeling and control of plug-in electric vehicles for renewable power tracking

A robust strategy is proposed in this paper to control the aggregate charging power of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The charging flexibility of PEVs provides the intermittent renewable power sources with control authority to cope with load fluctuations caused by the variation of grid-connected PEVs population and their instantaneous power demand. In this paper, we consider an aggregate model of PEVs power in the form of a partial differential equation (PDE). A sliding mode control is then developed for the derived PDE load model with no discretization in the spatial domain. The developed sliding mode controller operates on the real-time measurable imbalance between source and demand power. To evaluate the closed-loop response and demonstrate the controller´s robustness against PEVs population variations, a Monte Carlo simulation is performed for real driving conditions and using renewable power data.