QCA physical design with crossing minimization

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a novel computing mechanism that can represent binary information based on spatial distribution of electron charge configuration in chemical molecules. QCA circuit layout is currently restricted to a single layer with very limited number of wire crossing permitted. Thus, wire crossing minimization is crucial in improving the manufacturability of QCA circuits. The focus of this paper is to develop the first QCA physical design algorithms for wire crossing minimization.