DC operating point shifts in active RF/microwave frequency multipliers

In this work, changes in DC operating point shifts are analyzed for both classical and practical RF/microwave frequency multiplier configurations. It is shown that a classical, theoretical multiplier design can have a much different response when attempted in a practical circuit configuration. These differences are analyzed through harmonic balance simulation of an idealized device model. A compensation technique is suggested to achieve an expected harmonic output with a more practical circuit configuration. Finally, the effects exhibited in the idealized device model are shown to occur in a practical device model and in actual measured results.