Low-profile embedded array design for endfire scanning using transformation electromagnetics

A thin low-profile embedded horizontal array design was presented based on the transformation electromagnetics methodology. By applying coordinate transformations to a conductor-backed vertical array in free space, an embedded horizontal array can scan a narrow beam in the angular range near the axial direction. The effect of material loss was investigated numerically. Metamaterials are the prime candidates for realizations. Loss in practical metamaterials will be a key factor in the effectiveness of the embedded horizontal array.