Title :
Induced radioactivity of thick copper and lead targets irradiated by protons, 4He and 12C nuclei with energy 3.65 GeV/nucleon
Author :
Astapov, A.A. ; Bamblevski, V.P.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Radiat. Safety & Radiat. Res., JINR, Dubna, Russia
Abstract :
The induced γ-radioactivity brings the main contribution to the exposure dose for the personnel of a high-energy accelerator. At the machines accelerating the heavy particles to the energies of ⩾1 GeV/nucleon, this contribution amounts up to 50% of the dose. The present study deals with the levels of induced radioactivity in dependence on the target material, sort of particles being accelerated, and time t elapsed since the end of irradiation. Recommendations are given to evaluate the rate per an incident nucleus dA(t) of a dose caused by the induced radioactivity of a thick target, from the dose rate dP(t) of protons with the same ratio of energy on nucleon
Keywords :
gamma-ray detection; particle accelerators; radiation monitoring; radioactivity measurement; 12C irradiation; 4He irradiation; Cu(12C,X); Cu(4He,X); Cu(p,X); Pb(12C,X); Pb(4He,X); Pb(p,X); exposure dose; heavy particle acceleration; high-energy accelerator personnel; induced γ-radioactivity; induced radioactivity; proton irradiation; thick Cu targets; thick Pb targets; time elapse; Acceleration; Copper; Detectors; Helium; Lead; Particle beams; Personnel; Projectiles; Protons; Radiation safety;
Conference_Titel :
Particle Accelerator Conference, 1995., Proceedings of the 1995
Conference_Location :
Dallas, TX
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-2934-1
DOI :
10.1109/PAC.1995.505441
