Intelligent systems: a semiotic perspective

Intelligent systems have been in the focus of attention of scientific community for a long time. Nevertheless, the concept of intelligent system is not fully understood, and it affects interpretation of the existing research results as well as the choice of new research directions. In this paper, the subject is considered both from the semiotic and control theory point of view. The phenomenon of intelligence is demonstrated as a result of joint functioning of three operators: grouping, focusing attention, and combinatorial search (GFACS). When information is processed by GFACS, the multiresolutional systems of knowledge develop, and nested loops of control emerge