Emergency navigation without an infrastructure

Compared with static ad hoc networks such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the use of mobile ad hoc networks for emergency navigation suffers less from resource limitations and is less prone to failures in harsh physical environments. Hence, in this paper, a cooperative emergency navigation algorithm is proposed with the aid of a mobile ad hoc network formed by smart handsets to improve the resilience of communication and navigation during an evacuation process. Furthermore, an Ad hoc Cognitive Packet Network (AHCPN) based protocol is designed to prolong the operational time of portable devices which offload intensive computations to back-end cloud severs. Experimental results indicate that this smart human motion and network management scheme increases the survival rate and also prolongs the energy life time of smart phones for future usage as unexpected contingencies develop.