Design of ultra low power flip flops in sub-threshold region for bio-medical application in 45nm, 32nm and 22nm technologies

Designing of low power circuits is one of the most important research topic currently. Specially, for Medical Implant devices which run on non-rechargeable batteries power consumption becomes the most important issue as these batteries are very expensive. Majority of the human body signals are of low frequency which makes power consumption more important factor than the performance (speed). Hence, through designing the circuits in the subtheshold region one can actually save on the power by compromising with the maximum operating frequency. This paper presents flip flop architectures and their performance metrics in subtheshold region of operation.