Title :
A 16×16-pixel range-finding CMOS image sensor
Author :
Stoppa, David ; Viarani, Luigi ; Simoni, Andrea ; Gonzo, Lorenzo ; Malfatti, Mattia ; Pedretti, Gianmaria
Author_Institution :
ITC, Ist. per la Ricerca Sci. e Tecnologica, Trento, Italy
Abstract :
This paper describes the design and characterization of a 16×16-pixel image sensor, fabricated in a 0.35 μm, 3.3 V CMOS technology for real time three dimensional measurements based on multiple-pulse indirect time-of-flight technique. Owing to an innovative fully differential pixel (FDP) architecture, which allows for the detection of very short and low intensity light pulses, the sensor array provides a range map from 2 m to 9 m with a precision of ±4.0% at 2 m and ±1.7% at 9 m. The pixel power consumption is 100 μW, whereas the overall power consumption of the chip is 47 mW in real time operation (30 fps).
Keywords :
CMOS image sensors; integrated circuit design; integrated circuit measurement; laser ranging; low-power electronics; real-time systems; 0.35 micron; 100 muW; 16 pixel; 2 to 9 m; 3.3 V; 47 mW; FDP; fully differential pixel architecture; image sensor characterization; image sensor design; multiple-pulse indirect time-of-flight technique; overall power consumption; pixel power consumption; range-finding CMOS image sensor; real time 3D measurements; real time operation; sensor array range map; sensor precision; very short low intensity light pulse detection; CMOS image sensors; CMOS technology; Energy consumption; Image sensors; Optical imaging; Optical pulses; Pulse amplifiers; Pulse measurements; Semiconductor device measurement; Sensor arrays;
Conference_Titel :
Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2004. ESSCIRC 2004. Proceeding of the 30th European
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-8480-6
DOI :
10.1109/ESSCIR.2004.1356707
